The induction motors for electric propulsion is principally similar to that for industrial application. Index terms electric vehicles, electric motor drive, electric motors, fossil fuel, propulsion. The ac50 motor is an 8 motor that is capable of producing 71 horsepower and 120 ftlbs. Teslas 3phase 4pole ac induction motor cleantechnica. A 3phase induction motor uses current delivered in three phases in a sequence into the coils of a stator to create a rotating magnetic field. Pdf an induction motor design for urban use electric vehicle. A successful salesman for general electric s motor division once remarked to one of your instructors that, when asked by a customer how a motor.
A 3 phase induction motor can be used for different applications with various speed and load requirements. The rotor of an induction motor can be a squirrel cage rotor or wound. Which type of induction motor is suitable for electric. It comprehensively presents vehicle performance, configuration, control strategy, design. Electric vehicle speed control using three phase inverter. An electrical motor is a device that has brought about one of the biggest advancements in the fields of engineering and technology ever since the invention. Most of those use an aluminum rotor, but for their highperformance application tesla uses a copper rotor. Electric vehicle, dc brushed motor, bldc motor, induction motor, synchronous motor, switched reluctance motor. Highspeed induction motor with an integrated gearbox for. The performance of an electric car heavily depends on its motors. Most of the completely electric vehicles have a central motor in the front, which is permanently connected to the drive axle. But producing goods and services is strongly related to the. Motion and temperature heat control are paramount in energy.
Control of electric vehicle qi huang, jian li and yong chen university of electronic science and technology of china p. Well you might have already guessed it because the company itself is named after tesla who invented the three phase ac induction motor. This project takes a 1980 datsun 280zx and converts it to an all electric car with a dc motor and lead acid batteries. Perform an analysis on induction machines which is the most rugged and the most. In vehicle drives, induction machines properly designed for the application can have efficiencies. Induction motor theory jerry bednarczyk, pe course content introduction the ac induction motor is well suited to applications requiring constant speed operation. Why the induction motor could be the better choice for your. Induction motor drives electric vehicle machines and drives. The shape and operation of a linear induction motor can be visualized as depicted in the figure by making a radial cut in a rotating induction machine and flattening it out. Induction generators induction motor operating as a generator consider a frictionless vehicle powered by a squirrel cage induction motor that is directly coupled to the wheels as the vehicle climbs a hill, the motor runs at slightly less than synchronous speed. An induction motor also known as an asynchronous motor is a commonly used ac electric motor. Index terms induction motor, electric vehicle, thermal analysis, electromagnetic analysis.
Introduction the major components of an electric vehicle sy stem are the motor, controller, power supply, charger and drive train wry, 2003. The theoretical speed of the rotor in an induction motor depends on the frequency of. Be careful it can hurt to tangle with a threephase motor. The final objective is to find its minimum weight, volume, and cost that meet the design constraints with minimum power under the european urban ece15 and suburban eudc driving cycles. Which motor either ac or brushless dc motor is used in. Eventually, the simulation results for rotor speed, rotor and stator current responses and time response of torque of 3 phase induction motor is obtained. Hi performance electric vehicle systems hpevs designs, develops and manufactures 3phase ac induction drive systems for an array of vehicles and industries.
The running equations of im and controller in dynamic state with reference frame d q were considered. Wally rippel is a longtime proponent of electric vehicles. Pdf estimation of the induction motor parameters of an. Moreover, the inverter can even vary the amplitude of the a. The analyses show that the efficiency of the motor with a copper mouse cage rotor is considerably higher than that of the motor with a aluminum rotor. Ac induction motors how ac motors work explain that stuff. Design characteristics of the induction motor used for hybrid electric vehicle hev are discussed.
Electric vehicle drive simulation with matlabsimulink. Efficiency is as important in drive systems for hybrid electric vehicle drive motors as it is for industrial. Thus, the inverter acts as the brain of the electric car. Here an effort has been made to compare different types and the characteristics of electric motor drives used in the electric vehicle. Motors, ev west electric vehicle parts, components, evse. Induction motor drives electric vehicle machines and. Electric energy and induction motors the level of prosperity of a community is related to its capability to produce goods and services. Ac34x2 ac35x2 dual stator ac induction motor drive kit. Propulsion system design and sizing of an electric vehicle. We teslaphiles are familiar with the cool attributes of electric vehicles the instant torque, the greater efficiency, the regenerative braking but how many of us really understand how all that stuff works. Estimation of the induction motor parameters of an electric vehicle. Ac induction motor drive kits motor drive kits diy ev parts. Ac induction motor drive kits motor drive kits diy.
The result is a flat stator, or upper section, of iron laminations. Teslas 3phase 4pole ac induction motor why nikola teslas 19th century induction motor is the ideal choice for the 21st century electric car. Starting method for induction motors a 3phase induction motor is theoretically self starting. Design and control of the induction motor propulsion of an. The tests of induction motor used in the electric car simulate running of the car having one passenger when car is stopped.
Design and control of the induction motor propulsion of an electric vehicle b. Tesla electric vehicle tech explained video posted on june 06, 2017 by charles morris. This paper emphasis on the electric motor drives which are integral components of the electric vehicle. It starts with the battery in the car that is connected to the motor. What types of motors are used in electric vehicles. Key words electric vehicle, squirrel cage induction motor, svpwm, vf control, dsp processor, dmc library. Traction motors are used in electrically powered rail vehicles electric multiple units and other electric vehicles including electric milk floats, elevators, roller coasters, conveyors, and trolleybuses, as well as. The 3phase set of currents, each of equal magnitude and with a phase. Traditional design of cage rotor induction motors ronald g. Advancement of power electronics and variable frequency drives made it possible to use induction motors in electric vehicles. The book deals with the fundamentals, theory, and design of conventional cars with internal combustion engines ices, electric vehicles evs, hybrid electric vehicles hevs, and fuel cell vehicles fcvs.
Dc used to be the cheap, common solution and ac was the superior, cost prohibitive option, but with the flood of oem ac drivetrains in the market now this is driving a huge number of amazing ac motors at a pretty good price point into the diy space if youre willing to deal with can control. At the end of the lecture, student should be able to. Studying the performances of induction motor used in electric. In synchronous ac motors, the rotor turns at exactly the same speed as the rotating magnetic field. Pdf electric vehicle electric vehicle induction motor. But their speedtorque characteristic is not that suitable for an electric vehicle. Based on the ev desired performances, the induction motor optimal power can be calculated. Efforts to improve air quality in heavily populated urban communities by reducing vehicular emissions have rekindled interest in the development of electric vehicle technology. Electric motor electric motor linear induction motors. Induction motors in practice what controls the speed of an ac motor. The electric motors for electric vehicle market is expected to register a cagr of over 15%, during the forecast period 2020 2025. The ideal value of the motor run capacitor varies with t. How intensively the electric circuit is used the type of enclosure type of cooling the duty cycle of the load the frequency of starting and stopping.
The ac20 is an ac induction motor that operates at. Equivalent circuits corresponding to the starting, operating performance, and harmonics are given. Other members of the family are the directcurrent dc motor or generator, the induction motor or generator, and a number of derivatives of all these three. In an induction motor, the electric current in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained via electromagnetic induction from the rotating magnetic field of the stator winding. Electric motor induction and direct current dc are the two families of electric motors typically used in electric vehicles each having their pros and cons. The alternating current ac electric induction motor has been an industry workhorse for electromechanical conversion for over 100 years.
Also, characteristic graphs of different motors are included at some points. In this paper, the loss of different induction motors for mini electric vehicles is calculated and the effects of rotor materials and air gap length on the performance of these motors are studied. Researching highspeed induction motors, planetary gears, and integrating the two will be completed to produce the finest prototype for research and investigation. Motor, choice of 2x curtis controllers, 2x contactors. Unit 16 electric motors washington state university. We really like the oem quality of these siemens mo. Automotive, utility vehicle, mining vehicles and ground support equipment. Jan 01, 2018 ac induction motors are less expensive and low maintenance motor. A traction motor is an electric motor used for propulsion of a vehicle, such as locomotives or electric roadway vehicle. May 30, 2017 we will see how electric cars have achieved superior performance by analyzing the technology behind the induction motor, inverter, lithium ion battery power source, regenerative braking and above. Because of the complexity of the topic, the following is a simplified explanation of how a fourpole, threephase ac induction motor works in a car. Sharifian proposed in optimal design of an induction motor for an electric vehicle 2 that electric vehicles could help to solve pollution and noise problems caused by.
The ac24x2 and ac35x2 motor put out approximately double the torque and horsepower than the single ac34 and ac35 motors. The induction motor is made up of the stator, or stationary windings, and the rotor. An induction motor can therefore be made without electrical connections to the rotor. Optimised direct torque control of induction motor for. Unit 16 electric motors objectives after studying this unit, the student will be able to state the purpose of an electric motor.
A linear induction motor provides linear force and motion rather than rotational torque. Electric vehicles use a different automotive technology compared to the ones used by conventional vehicles. Introduction popularity of the electric vehicles evs has continuously increased worldwide depending on the decreasing petrol sources and increasing emissions. This tutorial will introduce the user to the fundamental electrical and mechanical principles of ac electric induction motor design and application. The stator of an induction motor consists of 3phase windings, which when connected to a 3phase supply creates a rotating magnetic field. Induction motor which has advantages of simple structures, low prices, easy maintenances, broader constant power operation scope and so on has a broadest application. Electric vehicles are steadily becoming popular all across the world as a good alternative to traditional gasolinepowered vehicles. The final question is where in a car the electric motor is located.
However, it is also conceivable that future 4wd vehicles might have one motor on the front and rear axle each, controlled individually depending on the situation. C power, which in turn will control the motor power output. This am racing motor is based on the very proven r. With the increasing emission standards, the need for adoption of electric vehicles has been a prominent initiative among various countries, globally. Optimised direct torque control of induction motor for electric vehicle propulsion arya gowri g.
Research on induction motor for mini electric vehicles. Emn division automation group 5500 business park drive rohnert park, ca 94928 keywords. Bldc can compete with induction motor for electric vehicle propulsion 6. Curiously, the stators for the 3phase induction motor and the dc brushless motor are virtually identical. Prior to joining tesla motors, he was an engineer at aerovironment, where he helped develop the ev1 for general motors and was featured in the documentary movie, who killed the electric car. An induction motor or asynchronous motor is an ac electric motor in which the electric current in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained by electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field of the stator winding. Electric motor and their models presently, brushed dc motor, brushless dc motor, ac induction motor, permanent magnet synchronous motor pmsm and switched reluctance motor srm are the main types of motors used for electric vehicle driving chan, 1999. The rotor will constantly be turning to align its magnetic field with that of the stator field. This research includes study of the performances of induction motor used in the electric car, as well as performances of an electronic inverter based on field oriented control used to drive this induction motor. Experts refer to this type as a permanently excited synchronous motor. Types of electric motors electric motors dc motors other motors h ac motors s unt motor separately excited induction motor stepper motor motor brushlessdc motor series motor hysteresis motor permanent magnet dc pmdc synchronous motor reluctance motor compounded motor universal motor. While most all electric vehicles around today use a permanent magnet ac motor, the tesla has an induction ac motor. Understand the principle and the nature of single phase and 3 phase induction machines.
This tutorial will introduce the user to the fundamental electrical and mechanical principles of ac electric induction motor. Designed for use in automotive applications with a curb weight of 3500 lbs or less. An electric vehicle may be powered by a collector system by electricity from off vehicle sources. Induction motor 1 chapter 3 induction motor bee23 electrical machine power system 2 learning outcomes. Both have three sets of distributed windings that are inserted within the stator core. Comparing ac induction with permanent magnet motors in hybrid. The conversion process of an internal combustion engine to an electric vehicle powered by batteries comprises many steps from choosing the vehicle, sizing a motor, and the type of batteries. These systems have been integrated into fullsized vehicles, neighborhood electric vehicles, ground support equipment, golf cars, motorcycles, industrialutility vehicles and even. Ac induction motors are less expensive and low maintenance motor. Different types of motors used in electric vehicles. Comparing ac induction with permanent magnet motors in. But producing goods and services is strongly related to the use of energy in an intelligent way. The steps of designing a highspeed induction motor with an integrated planetary gear are.
A forerunner of the 3phase induction motor was invented by nikola tesla sometime before 1889. This induces an electric field in a coil or squirrel cage to drive a rotor. Energy procedia 17 2012 249 a 257 the motor drive and control system is the core of electric vehicle. Induction motors are by far the most common type in use today in blowers, elevators, refrigerators, and industrial controls. Introduction an electric vehicle ev is a type of vehicle which employs the use of one or more electric motors for the propulsion. Comparing ac induction with permanent magnet motors in hybrid vehicles and the impact on the value proposition jay w. The basic idea of an electric motor is to generate two magnetic fields. Most modern day electric cars like the tesla uses an ac induction motor. The problem with a single phase capacitor run motor is they have a secondary motor winding and a capacitor in series to provide delayed supply of ac sort of like a pseudo two phase ac motor. The tesla model s for instance uses a 3phase ac induction motor. It comprehensively presents vehicle performance, configuration, control.
Electric motors for electric vehicle market growth. Optimal design of an induction motor for an electric vehicle. What is common to all the members of this family is that the basic. Harley and yao duan georgia institute of technology. Design characteristics of the induction motor used for hybrid. Speed control becomes less complex in induction motors. Its not all about the battery, folks car nuts know precious little about the motors in electric cars, yet theyre central to innovation. This will link and cut the rotor conductors which in turn will induce a current in the rotor conductors and. Wally has also worked for the jet propulsion laboratory on electric vehicle battery research, among other projects. How an electric motor works in a car electric motor. In general, the induction motor is cheaper and easier to maintain compared to other alternatives. The difference in speed between rotor, the synchronous speed and the rotating. An induction motors rotor can be either wound type or squirrelcage type.
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